Five Forces model, Ryanair free essay sample

Ryanair benefiting from large economies of scale and have massively reduced long run average costs. They have struck deals with Boeing and Airbus for reduced prices (1/3rd of listed price) on 737 aircraft in bulk buying therefore new entrants to the market will not get these reduced prices as they do not hold a similar relationship and they will not be able to order in bulk. Ryanair have struck deals with many local airports over flight paths and air-time, Ryanair therefore aren’t charged with air traffic time, but in return, promise these local airports a set amount of passengers to enter that airport each year, which leads to passengers spending money in these airports. These deals have seen Ryanair further reduce costs, as well as restrict suitable air traffic slot availability to the airport as there are limited routes. Ryanair operates in 180 airports over 29 countries, flying 1,611 routes with over 1,500daily departures whilst easily outstripping competitors and increasing barriers to entry. We will write a custom essay sample on Five Forces model, Ryanair or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Increasing global fuel costs will not hit Ryanair’s profits as their costs elsewhere are the lowest in the flying industry. As a result of these low costs, Ryanair have been able to charge the lowest average fair of any low carrier airline in the UK, further increasing barriers to entry as new firms will not set those prices seen below. Despite Ryanair recording 18% profits on capital return, in a very profitable industry, threat of entry is still low due to exploited economies of scale and very low long run average costs that Ryanair have reduced over time. Low threat of substitute products or services Main substitutes are Trains/Buses/ Ferries Eurostar ticket ranges from ? 50-? 180 single ticket therefore more expensive and takes longer. Companies such as Eurolines have cheaper rates than Ryanair, but not as comfortable and more time consuming to get to destination. Ferries again tend to be a similar price to Ryanair’s flights but again they are more time consuming and are therefore not seen as a strong substitute. These threats are weak at the moment, however this could change given increasing global environmental awareness in the future leading to fewer passengers travelling on planes. Also CUSTOMER DISSATISFACTION WITH RYANAIR MAY LEAD TO ALTERNATIVES. However, given Ryanair’s ability to reduce costs and maintain the newest and most efficient fleet, the threat of substitute products is low. Bargaining power of customers (buyers) Customer satisfaction with Ryanair is very low and this could see it lose much of its brand loyalty in the future. The bargaining power of customers is therefore high given the alternative low cost airlines and substitutes to flying and these buyers could force down prices by switching their preferences away from Ryanair. However, Ryanair see this as an opportunity and have started to take advantage of this having experienced growing cash flows and operating profits since the recession. Ryanair have started to implement policies such as friendlier websites and less fines for overweight baggage. This should start to win over passengers from more costlier airlines, without Ryanair having to change their obsessive cost cutting business model too much. Ryanair need to target social media as well as increase advertising to start winning customers over with brand loyalty otherwise the tendency for  customers to leave with any change in price over fares or bad customer service will be much higher. Bargaining power of suppliers There are only 2 producers Boeing and Airbus- Market for production of planes is a duopoly therefore the bargaining power of suppliers is very high. This means that these companies have been charging very high prices for their planes to all airline companies. Boeing sells only 737 mo dels to Ryanair, further increasing its bargaining power over Ryanair as no other company makes the 737. Despite this high bargaining power, Ryanair have avoided paying premium prices for Boeing 737s for 2 main reasons: 1. Ryanair is Boeing’s fastest growing customer having recently gained 20% of EU market share, therefore a change of preference towards Airbus or an alternative aircraft producer would lead to a rapid fall in production of planes as demand would decline 2. Ryanair bought the bulk of its fleet in 2005 where demand was at a record low post 9-11 and the Gulf War in 2003. It is believed that Ryanair paid 1/3rd of listed price given the low demand and therefore shows that Boeing may not have the bargaining power over Ryanair that you would expect in a duopoly Additionally, the reported emergence of an aircraft producer in China could undercut costs of Airbus and Boeing, decreasing their bargaining powers further. Low Intensity competition Ryanair’s cost cutting business model seen above reduces competition in the following ways: 1. Experiencing enormous economies of scale has reduced threat of entry and helped them gain 20% of EU market share making it easily the largest low cost airline company in the EU 2. This has allowed them to reduce the price of the average fair significantly as shown in the table above, further increasing their customer base and therefore the market. 3. Plans for the future including buying 175 more in the next 5 years. Ryanair already has the largest and the newest fleet (4 years) therefore making the planes more cost effective and further increasing their competitive advantage As a result, Ryanair is now the top Airline in Spain, Italy, Poland and Ireland. Even though Ryanair may lose some of their competitive advantage through lack of advertising, their economies of scale combined with their ever-expanding fleet and number of flight paths means that there is a low intensity of competition.

Low-level Waste facility essays

Low-level Waste facility essays Nuclear Fusion, a process in which two light nuclei combine to form a single heavier nucleus. An example of this is the sunrays they are the simplest form of nuclear fusion. The use for this is fusion is used as a fuel. But the risks are radiation poising which is very deadly. Nuclear fission, a reverse process of fusion. So its a process in which a heavy nucleus splits in to two smaller nuclei. The simplest form is particles going into are atmosphere from space. We use it by making atomic bombs. It can also cause radiation poising which is very deadly. Radioactive Decay is the time required for one half of the atoms in any starting sample of a radioisotope to decay. An example of how long this takes is radionucliden. This element has a half-life that ranges from 50 days to 15,700,000 years. When the radioactive materials buried breaks down the environment is destroyed. Radioactive decay is used by us to treat cancer and alpha rays are used in smoke detectors. Gamma and beta rays give off a radiation poising which is extremely harmful and hard to contain. With all these things that can happen if you put a low level waste facility in your area it over weights the pros. In till waste management is studied and we know more about it I dont advise putting one in your community. It can be harmful and its present a long time in the atmosphere and the land. ...

Can any business afford to be socially responsible Research Paper

Can any business afford to be socially responsible - Research Paper Example usiness ethics and the social responsibility are two aspects of a business that go hand in hand, thus a business person will have to tackle the aspect of social responsibility in the running of the business. This research report uses scholarly sources, as well as books, to draft a detailed report, and as sources of references. The sources were immensely helpful and helped us to come up with solutions that concerned the topic at hand (Rachael, 2007 p2858). The sources gave compelling evidence and sample case that all came at handy in the research. All sources had the same theme of corporate social responsibility and all had the same view point on the same (Rachael, 2007 p2859). This research was carried out by reading reports of projects carried out on corporate responsibility; this included the book by Jean Brick. The research was majorly carried out in the internet where we found many sources with detailed reports on social responsibility. Internet resources that are relevant to this research project include a website by the brotherhood of St. Laurence on cooperate social responsibility among others. However, this document, by brotherhood, provide detailed arguments on the social responsibility of the cooperate world. The research was carried out for several days. This period was used to read the various reports that touched on the business and social responsibility. The research found out that social responsibility is a key factor that affects business functionality and productivity. All businesses should be socially responsible (CPA Australia, 2006 p11). Companies are judged by the way they conduct themselves in the context of pursuing their business aims and objectives (Brotherhood of St. Laurence, 2006 p2). In this respect, a business deals with the environmental and social issues that influence its business operations. These issues also play significant roles, in how the society will perceive the business, which also affect the company, in a positive or

Rooms Division Operations Management Assignment - 2

Rooms Division Operations Management - Assignment Example The Five Seasons Hotel is a five-star hotel which is located in Hampshire, England near Winchester. This strategic location has made it possible for the hotel to enjoy a favorable base for sporting and concert events, especially during holidays and weekends. The hotel offers a combination of contemporary and traditional style to a diverse market. The hotel has air-conditioned lavish rooms which are designed and decorated with state of the art technology. The guests in the hotel as treated to a wireless internet connectivity, gym in a fitness center, sauna, and spa treatment. The hotel has a very nice impression because it has comfortable beds which are large enough for comfort. The staff is very hospitable and welcoming whose charm motivates their guests to visit them again and again. The regular refurbishment is done in order to keep the facilities up to date with the changing trends in the industry (Kasavana, & Richard. 2005). Rules and regulations are set by the government in this industry in order to govern the operations of the business and also regulate the treatment of the guests, employees, food, beverages and the environment. With regards to room division, the following legislation and regulatory requirements apply. The Disability Discrimination Act was established in 1995 as a civil right of disabled people to enjoy the hotel services without discrimination on the basis of their disability. This act was replaced in 2010 by The Equality Act. This allows for the hotels to install facilities and services which cater for disabled persons in terms of hearing, mental, learning or dyslexia illness. The Five Seasons Hotel complies with this regulation by treating disabled persons as other able persons.

Research paper summary Carrying capacity Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary Carrying capacity - Research Paper Example The methodology employed is two pronged as mentioned. The laboratory study was first to be carried out. The study examined various components of the Maculinea arion like its feeding preferences, autumn food consumption and growth and the winter period weight loss. The sample size included a total of 69 caterpillars reared from the onset of their final instars in the late summer to the month of May. In addition, each caterpillar was kept in a seven cubic centimeter plastic box that was furnished with a small piece of moist sponge. During that period, fresh food was supplied to the specimens after every 2-3 days to ensure that there was a surplus in the food given to them. It is also important to note that caterpillars were categorized into different sets with each set provided with a different food type and composition to enable the accurate determination of the objectives of this study. Each caterpillar was also weighed weekly to and kept in a clean box with the resultant weight being recorded for each caterpillar. In addition to the variables obtained in the laboratory set up, published materials were also used for the purposes of the number and biomass of the immature stages of M. sabuleti that were available to final instar caterpillars of Maculinea orion. Finally, estimates were carried out from the mean body weight that was obtained 2 days before eclosion. The field study involved the examination of mortality rates of wild Maculinea arion adopted at different densities into Myrmica sabuleti nest. This was measured during a five-year period study on site X. The study involved the introduction of the caterpillars at different stages of the duration with excavations and counting being done. The obtained data was subsequently being recorded to monitor the changes and effects of the different seasons, eating habits and species behavior. As a combination of the two methods and integration

Clinical Decision making and the Nursing Process

Clinical Decision making and the Nursing Process Internal and external variables such as the nurses personal experience, knowledge, creative thinking ability, education, self concept, as meshed with the nurses working environment, and situational stressors all can work to enhance or inhibit effective clinical decision making for a nurse. (OReilly, 1993) Clinical decision-making is defined as the ability to sift and synthesize information, make decisions, and appropriately implement those decisions within a clinical setting. Practicing nurses must effectively identify and solve the problems of patient diagnosis and treatment by using such a model. One means of doing so, paradoxically, is to identify the barriers to decision making so they can be overcome by the use of more effective decision-making tools. The nursing process itself involves the need for quality decision-making at every sage of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation of patient needs and demands. (Nursing process, 2006, Wikipedia) Thus, both p rocesses are interrelated; as to be a good nurse a nurse must be a good decision-maker. Describe Patricia Benners stages of clinical judgment According to the nursing theorist Patricia Benner (2004), the novice nurse has little experience, and must essentially proceed by rote to function as an effective nurse in the clinical setting, such as a first year nursing student who needs constant guidance from other hospital staff members. A recent graduate nurse or advanced beginner possesses some minimal clinical practice and can grasp attributes but not aspects of the clinical setting without constant assistance. In contrast, a competent nurse has a filtering device of experience to know what to ignore and what to assimilate in the clinical setting, based upon greater levels of experience than the advanced beginner nurse. A proficient nurse has made the leap beyond basic competence into a more holistic assessment of understanding of patient needs. Finally, the expert nurse no longer relies upon clearly articulated analytical rules of judgment regarding patient diagnosis and treatment at all, but can proceed to judgment on a mor e intuitive, but still rational level. The expert can deploy both creative thinking and rational thinking simultaneously and effectively in the clinical environment. Discuss the ways in which the nursing process contributes to effective clinical decision-making The nursing process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation are dependant upon both the nurses personal qualities as well as upon the setting of the assessment. (Quan, 2006) For example, during the assessment, increased knowledge on the part of the nurse practitioner leads to greater clinical accuracy in judgment. The more experienced nurse knows what to look for, based upon clinical knowledge and personal experience, and can use that observed and filtered knowledge in making a more competent diagnosis. A more competent diagnosis leads to a better-planned and implemented course of treatment, and a better assessment of how and if the treatment is working. (OReilly, 1993) But treatment is not merely a checklist. Intuition is also said to be the hallmark of expert judgment, where intuitively on a subconscious level accumulated knowledge kicks in in helping the nurse understand what, if anything, in the patients state of health may be wrong. Creative thinking when assessing the patients psychological and physical state, the ability to fuse emotion and reasoning in the mind of the seasoned nurse, can lead to a better mental selection of important data and a more effective diagnostic conclusion. (OReilly, 1993) Also, self-concept, the empowered use with confidence of ones knowledge that comes with experience and the practice of years can increase the speed and efficacy of the planning of the treatment and its implementation and evaluation. However, it is important to remember that even in expert nurses, stresses such as less then optimal staffing or undercutting confidence through interpersonal staff conflicts can increase anxiety, and can threaten the ability to make an effective diagnosis. A lack of sleep, an overwhelming patient load, or staff condescension, especially in less confident novice nurses can all inhibit the use of ones personal assessment tools and thus disrupt the process of effective nursing in the clinical environment. (OReilly, 1993) Provide examples of how planning for the provision of nursing care might differ at each stage of clinical judgment. Nursing processes are thus always in a dialogue between the nurses own personal competence (internal factors) and the external stressors of the environment. For example, take a highly contentious situation in the ER when a patient may come in, late at night, complaining of chest paints, agitated, and certain that he or she is suffering a heart attack. A novice nurse, in her process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation might merely register the patients emotional distress and immediately call for a doctor specializing in cardiac care, accepting the patients own assessment and diagnosis as if it were valid. The nurses lack of confidence and fear of the possible consequences of an untreated attack might drive her to seek immediate assistance to help in the planning and implementation of a plan to aid a heart attack victim.ÂÂ   An advanced beginner nurse, less shaken by the emotion of patient, but proceeding by rote and by the knowledge given to her by professional mentors during her minimal previous clinical experience, might go down a checklist of evaluating the patients pain, such as where is the pain localized, when the pain began, then asking the patient to describe and rate the pain, and based upon such an assessment, diagnosis the cause and severity of the case before seeing assistance in planning and implementing a treatment plan either for a cardiac condition or for heartburn.ÂÂ   A competent nurse might, by sight, be able to evaluate if the patients pain was nausea, as in heartburn, or if the clutching pain seemed to affect the patients breathing or numb the patients limbs as might be typical of an oncoming heart attack. A proficient nurse might be able to assess the immediate severity of the condition-even if the pain was heart-related, she or he might be able to offer a finer-tuned diagnosis and plan. For example, if the patents angina was life threatening and required immediate care, or if the pain could be taken care of through a nitroglycerin tablet, for example, and patient rest, before a doctor was called for to evaluate the patients physical health and provide advice regarding future heart care.ÂÂ   Finally, an expert nurse might be able to assess, having seen many heart attacks and heart burn patients go through the ER, might know what was needed almost by sight. The expert nurse would likely be also better skilled in comforting the patient and thus lessening the trauma of the patients trip to the ER and the final diagnosis.ÂÂ   However, it is important to remember at all junctures of this decision-making process, that a crowded or understaffed ER can interfere with such holistic judgment, although the more experienced a nurse is in high-pressure situations, the better able he or she will be to filter out such unnecessary environmental static such as an argument with a colleague, the lateness of the hour, or an uncooperative patient. Experience is not a panacea, but combined with an effective use of clinical decision making and the nursing process, experience combined with the simultaneous and effective deployment of rational and intuitive judgment is the best personal asset a nurse offer to a patient.

For Your World :: essays research papers

For Your World A story consists of many small parts. When these parts are put together they create a piece of literature that conveys a message. This message can be about almost anything. Literature can tell a story about happiness or an experience of love. It all depends on what pieces and how they are placed together which makes a story. Anton Chekhov has written a wonderfully pieced together short story titled â€Å"Misery†. The elements which allow me to understand â€Å"Misery† are narrator point of view, setting, character, and theme.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Setting is the only other device, besides the title, which can set a mood for the story before any characters are introduced. When you place any character in a setting, that setting reflects onto the character. â€Å"Iona Potapov, the sledge driver, is all white like a ghost†¦ His little mare is white and motionless too†¦She is probably lost in thought. Anyone who has been torn away from the plough, from the familiar gray landscapes and cast into this slough, full of monstrous lights, of unceasing uproar and hurrying people†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (69); this quote allows for the reader to build a picture of the scenery. No one would want to have to sit on a sledge for many hours and be covered in snow waiting for someone to come by. The words used to describe Iona’s setting are very carefully picked to create this powerful imagery at the beginning of the story. The city is described as a slough. Slough is defined as a state of deep despair or moral degrada tion. With this deep pit of despair called a town, â€Å"monstrous lights† and â€Å"unceasing uproar† continue all round these two characters. With this as the opening paragraph the story has already started an emotion or feeling inside the readers mind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How a story is told can alter the meaning of the story. Finding the right combination of who tells the story if very difficult. When the right order of voices are found it makes the story come alive. It allows for the imagery of the person’s actions and the characters thoughts to be read at the same time. â€Å"Misery† has found this great combination.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Narrators are used show or place a given mood in the story. â€Å"It is a long time since Iona has budged. They came out of the yard before dinner-time and not a single fare yet.† (69) At the start of the story the narrator has started the emotion of sympathy for the main character.