The Influence of Arabic Vowel signs on the Accuracy and Speed of Essay

The Influence of Arabic Vowel signs on the Accuracy and Speed of Reading - Essay Example be a deep orthography if the script is unvowelized (Abu-Rabia, 2000; Abu-Rabia & Siegel, 2003; Abu-Rabia & Taha, 2006; Mahfoudhi et al., 2011; Mohamed, Elbert, & Landerl, 2011). Skilled readers are used to deducing unviable short vowels; however, beginning readers are presented to vowelized scripts as they are still developing their literacy (Abu-Rabia & Taha, 2006; Hussien, 2014; Mahfoudhi et al., 2011; Taibah & Haynes, 2011). The current study investigated the influence of vowelized and unvowelized types. It is well-known that reading acquisition is a developmental process that requires be teaching and improving throughout school grades in simultaneous, gradual, and continuous way. This process depends on many factors among them the nature of the orthography and teaching methods. Most the art of reading principles and propositions are established from Latin orthographies research, mostly from English studies while little is to known about Semitic orthographies (e.g. Hebrew and Arabic). When comparing the existent reading literature, Hebrew studies outnumber Arabic studies; in fact, the majority of Arabic studies are done in Hebrew country (Israel) by Arab Israeli. In the Israeli educational system, children are introduced with unvowelized scripts in third grade (Sharon,) while in most Arab countries; vowelized scripts are introduced to children in primary schools. Partially vowelized and unvowelized texts are subject to introduce in elementary and secondary school. It is the 7th grad e in Saudi educational system the context of the study. Therefore, the decision of whether to introduce unvowelized textbooks or not and what is the suitable educational stage, is an important issue that needs to be a research-based decision. Therefore, this study will investigate whether Saudi 4th graders are ready for introduction with unvowelized scripts or not by testing their reading ability (accuracy and speed) to a list of unvowelized words which they already exposed to from

The Bond Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bond Market - Research Paper Example On the other hand, corporate debt refers to the property owned by a business, which can serve as an income distress absorber to a specific class of stakeholders. This paper intends to outline the issues that surround bond market in the current market. The U.S. Federal Reserve (â€Å"the Fed†) plays a progressively active role in the performance of the economy and financial markets with its numerous tools. How does Federal Reserve policy affect the bond market? Essentially, the Federal Reserve plays a key role in providing a monetary climate, which is intended in promoting economic stability and simultaneously maintaining consistent economic growth. The Federal Reserve strives to maintain the peaks and troughs at minimum levels. It is impertive3 to note that the Federal Reserve accomplishes their role through manipulation of two interest rate levels (Brett, 17). They include the Federal Funds rates and the Discount Rate. The Federal Funds rate refers to the rates banks charge e ach other to borrow reserves overnight while refers to rate the Federal charges for bank reserve borrowing. It is significant that, changes in both rates have a direct impact on the bond market, yield levels. It is imperative to note that, the corporate bonds always yield more than the government bonds. This is to account for the risk. The Federal Reserve plays a key role in influencing the bond market by controlling the prices and rates of bonds. This enhances controlling of the inflations rates. For instance, investors who buy bonds with a maturity period longer than a couple of years ago have augmented risk disclosure to the level of inflation and its attrition of prospect cash flow values (Brett, 15). However, the Federal Reserve moderates this situation by targeting the level of inflation because inflation expectations have bigger shock on the echelon of interest rates for prolonged maturity bonds than shorter outcome consequently, regulation of the bond market. For the case of bonds with long maturity number of years, the Federal Reserve endeavors to regulate inflation rates. This is because, the levels of inflation directly affects the inflation of expectations consequently increased level of interest rates for longer maturity bonds than shorter maturity bonds (Brett, 16). Fundamentally, the Federal Reserve directly controls the shorter maturity yield levels. The influence caused by the Federal Reserve on the interest rates consequently, significant change is indicated in the levels of yields. The yield curve normally represents the yield market levels. More over, Brett asserts that, the current bull market in bonds will only end if inflation rates rise. This implies that, the current economic status is sluggish and it is characterized by unemployment and high rate of inflation. Bibliography Brett Arends. Bonds- Heading from Bull Market to Bubble. The Journal of The Wall Street. 15.9 (2012): 15- 19. Print. What happens to interest rates as bond prices r ise? The bond markets are extremely active. The interest rates are constantly changing in response to numerous factors, which include changes in demand and supply of credit, market psychology, economic conditions, fiscal policy, Federal Reserve policy and exchange rates. It is significant to note that, as interest rates change, a consequent change in values of all bonds in the market place is expected. For instance, when, interest rates increase bonds with longer maturity periods are immensely affected compared with those

The Joint Commission Study Essay Example for Free

The Joint Commission Study Essay Executive Summary The Joint Commission is scheduled to visit Nightingale Community Hospital for its triennial accreditation survey within the next 13 months. The purpose of this document is to provide senior leadership with an outline of the hospital’s current compliance status in the Priority Focus Area of Communication. Recommendations for corrective action are included in this document which are designed to bring the organization into full compliance in the areas where deficits have been identified. The Priority Focus Area of Communication includes 3 Joint Commission (JC) standards relative to Universal Protocol. These 3 standards, which are components of the National Patient Safety Goals, are aimed at ensuring the correct procedure is performed on the correct patient at the correct site. UP.01.01.01 requires the organization to conduct a pre-procedure verification process prior to the start of any procedure. The hospital meets this standard by following its policy titled â€Å"Site Identification and Verification (Universal Protocol)† which describes the process that is used prior to the start of any operative or invasive procedure. The hospital’s use of the â€Å"Pre-Procedure Hand-Off† checklist provides the documentation required to demonstrate compliance with the standard. Because of the criticality of this standard, I recommend a focused medical record review to measure compliance with the use of the pre-procedure checklist. If the audit reveals the checklist is completed consistently, full compliance with the standard will be verified and no further action will be required. UP.01.02.01 requires the organization to mark the procedure site before the procedure is performed. The Site Identification and Verification policy describes the process for marking the operative site however the policy as written does not meet the full intent of the standard. The policy states the patient will identify and mark the operative site. Element of Performance 3 of the standard requires the procedure site to be marked by the licensed independent practitioner who is accountable for the procedure and will be present during the procedure. EP 5 requires a written process for patients who refuse site marking or when it is impossible or impractical to mark the site. This written process is absent in the hospital’s policy. Nightingale’s policy and process must be revised immediately to reflect all the required eleme nts of the standard. Hospital physicians and staff must  be educated on the necessary changes and the revised process must be put into action. Once these changes have occurred, I recommend a focused audit to ensure full compliance with the revised policy/process. UP.01.03.01 requires a time-out before the start of the procedure. The Site Identification and Verification policy describes the time-out process however the policy falls short of fully meeting the intent of this standard. EP 2 describes which team members must participate in the timeout, EP 3 requires a time-out before each procedure when two or more procedures are being performed, and EP 5 requires documentation of the time-out. These 3 elements are missing from the hospital policy/process and therefore revisions to the process/policy are necessary to include these 3 elements. Nightingale’s Safety Report reveals increasing compliance (nearing 100%) with the time-out process, however as mentioned above, EP 5 requires documentation of the process. In addition to the policy revision, I recommend the development of a unique form which will be used to document completion of the time-out and the names of the participants in the time-out. Once these changes have been implemented, I recommend additional auditing to ensure full compliance with docum entation of the time-out process. The Joint Commission reports more than 900 Sentinel Events related to wrong site surgery occurred between 1995-2010 (The Joint Commission, 2010) Their research found that 70% of the time, the root cause of wrong site surgery was communication failure (Mulloy and Hughes 2008). When it occurs, wrong site surgery can be devastating for patients and it can leave a lasting, negative impact on the surgical team. Surgeons are at risk of losing their license and hospitals risk losing reimbursement. When these events occur the risk of litigation exists as well. Wrong-site, wrong-procedure and wrong-person surgery can be prevented! The Priority Focus Area of Communication as it relates to Universal Protocol is essential to Nightingale Community Hospital for preventing wrong site surgery and promoting a safe environment within our hospital. The hospital’s Site Identification and Verification policy was developed with good intentions to meet that goal. The 3 key elements to preventing wrong site surgery; 1) pre-op verification process; 2) marking the operative site; and 3) taking a time out, are all present in the policy however there are additional elements required by the Joint Commission that are missing from the policy  and leave the organization and pat ients at risk. In order to live up to our core value of safety and to ensure full accreditation with the Joint Commission, it is important for the organization to fully meet all the elements of performance. The changes outlined within this document will strengthen the policies and procedures that are intended to prevent harm to patients and will bring the organization into full compliance with the JC standards. These actions will ultimately ensure that a truly safe environment exists within the walls of Nightingale Community Hospital for the benefit of its patients, associates and the community. References The Joint Commission. (2010, 11 23). Sentinel event statistics as of September 30, 2010. Retrieved from http://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/Stats_with_all_fields_hidden30September2010_(2).pdf Mulloy, D. F., Hughes, R. G. (2008). Patient safety quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2678/

Benefits of Personalised Geriatric Care

Benefits of Personalised Geriatric Care INTRODUCTION It is always best to provide an intervention to every issue that is seen. In relation to the common Geriatric problems, there are different approaches in the planning of care depending on the needs of every individual. Personalized care is being promoted and executed to further and better assist every individual who goes through such kinds of condition. In the planning of care for the Geriatric patients, there are two kinds of approaches. These two are the Person Centered Approach and the Non-Person Centered Approach. The Person Centered Approach focuses on the basis of individuality regardless of the persons’ cognitive status, age, race and even gender. In this approach, every elder is subject to the care they need and what is due to them. The healthcare provider in this case should thoroughly identify and gather data to ensure that proper treatment and therapeutic approaches are being executed. What I best int his approach is that, there is no standard criteria for someone with a geriatric condition to be able to fit in. This is basically open to those who need it. On the other hand, the Non-Person Centered Approach has different goals and perspective. They focus on something in general rather than the person as a whole. Their intention is to help alleviate the condition of those elders with Geriatric problems, However, their approach is not directly on the elders. Rather, it depends on the mission and vision of their agency. Aside from the different approaches in handling Geriatric problems, there are principles that Healthcare providers must observe. The importance of these principles and the impact it can create in the development of the elders with geriatric problems. In this research, techniques and abilities will also be discussed. The different kinds of techniques that can be used to benefit the elders will be elaborated. This will gain advantage on both the Healthcare provider and the elders. Considering the equality and Cultural aspects of the community, this will surely make an impact to elders with Dementia or other common Geriatric problems. Because this can create an impact on the lives of these elders, it is best to be aware of such things. TASK There are different principles involved in the person-centered approach for elders with Dementia and other common Geriatric conditions. These principles will aid every individual that is involved in the management of such conditions. Individuality In individuality, histories are being thoroughly reviewed in order for the healthcare providers to specifically know the kind of treatment or therapeutic management the elders might need. Data are being gathered from the significant others regarding about the specific lifestyle an habitual behaviour of the elder. Since this is individualized, the planning of treatment in this case is basically personalized. What may work for elder 1 may not work for elder 2 because both elders may have different experiences and environmental factors that caused their condition. Also, each elder have different needs and it is the duty of the health care providers to determine the appropriate approach. Rights We certainly consider that every individual has their own rights regardless of their status. In this approach we promote that despite the elder’s condition, we should take into consideration that they deserve to be treated right. And in this way, elders with Dementia or other common geriatric conditions are being protected and they receive the treatment that they truly deserve. Despite their condition, these elders are still human thus, they needed to be treated well. Choice The facility in this kind of approach gives the elders the right to choose what they think is best for them. They’re being given the option to choose for themselves. In this way, they have the freedom to voice out their own preferences. The elder’s choice be a large undertaking or small undertakings. In the large undertakings, for instance, elders may choose to sign the â€Å"Do not Resuscitate† waiver. They have every right to do that for themselves. On the other hand, the small undertaking may include choosing what to wear for that day, the colour of shirt they prefer, whether or not they want a jacket or a raincoat on a rainy day. In this way we are giving the elders to be responsible and make them feel that they are not worthless. This will help them feel that they have the control over their life. Privacy Privacy is not disclosing any information outside of the Health care institution. Information is only being discussed within the circle of the involved health care practitioners. Families are given the assurance that whatever condition the elder has will only be made known to those professionals involved in the treatment. Practitioners may only disclose some information once the family has given them the consent to do so. Independence Independence is one of the goals in the management of elders with dementia and other common geriatric conditions. Some people may think that this is quite impossible to attain, but with the constant assistance elders get from health care practitioners, this is achievable. Health care providers must identify certain situations in which elders may find themselves dependent. Once the health care provider has figured out the elders dependence, it is where the health care provider will make a strategy to assist the elder in achieving his/her independence. This may take a long process that’s why it is best to set goals that are attainable. Dignity Another goal in the management of elders with dementia is the promotion of their dignity. Healthcare providers must promote that despite the elder’s situation they still need to be respected as human beings. Promotion of dignity makes them worth as a person. Respect Respect is very important in the management of elders with dementia. They should be treated with transparency to further avoid the deterioration of the elder. This will also help ensure that elders are not confused. Respect is the summation of all the person-centered approach. Autonomy Every person is subject to their own preference. Since we all have this kind of rights, even elders with dementia should have autonomy. In this way, we are guiding them in deciphering what kind of outcome they want for themselves. The non-person centered approach to dementia and the Institutional Perspective and the Bio-Medical Perspective. The Institutional perspective focuses on the policies, rules and regulations in order to maintain the normal function of the physical aspect of the elders with dementia. Aside from the physical aspect, this approach is also taking part in the social and spiritual aspect of the person. On the other hand, the Bio-Medical Perspective’s main focus is the disease process. This perspective is concerned more of the prevention and alleviation of the common geriatric conditions. They are not in any way relating their efforts to the family or to any healthcare providers. They are more concern of the medications that elders needs, the diagnostic tests to further detect the progression of the disease or even the treatments needed to aid the elders with their condition. To maintain the condition of elders with dementia, there are techniques that are being used. Among are the following: Reality-orientation Approach This approach focuses on what is going on around the world. The objective data that clients must know such as the date, time, day, year and even the weather. To confirm this to the client’s we must provide evidence such as newspaper, television news and all the like. Validation Approach The focus of this approach is to validate the emotional content of the person. Healthcare providers are looking into what the client is feeling about a certain given situation. It is here that we can check if the expression matches the content of his/her emotions. Assistive Technologies It is in this approach that clients are being assisted in a way that health care provider brings the world to them. Due to their condition, most often they already forgot how it was to live a life that is normal. Through this kind of approach, the elders will gain more hope, better self-esteem thus resulting to sociable elders. Reminiscence Techniques This will help the clients exercise their memories. In this technique, the clients are given the chance to share their experiences in life. The things they’ve gone through and the memorable events in their lives. This is a good measurement of the retained past memories of the elders. Holistic Approach This approach focuses on the person as a whole. This includes the different aspect of the person’s life. The physical, intellectual, emotional and spiritual aspect of the elder is given importance. These four aspects are being given attention and goes hand in hand in the process of holistic approach. The Public Health has attributed a lot in the management of Dementia. In the Public health, the government funds the programme that is being presented. In a way, this funding will result to an evidence-based practice. This will further develop the management techniques for elders with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions. By doing this, both government and the public and the Institutions will know what is effective and what is not. Also, they are making the public know and become aware of what is happening in the world of the elders with dementia. Making the public become aware of dementia’s nature will help distinguish the early signs of it and prevent it from worsening. Awareness of this condition is their way of making it known to everyone that Dementia is something everyone should never neglect because this just doesn’t affect the person having it but it makes a great impact in the community. Also, health promotions have been made to help reduce the incident of complications of dementia. The healthcare provider’s attitudes should be taken into consideration. They should instil in their minds that positive attitude attracts positive results, so as negative attitude attracts negative ones. Healthcare providers exist to provide the care that elders with dementia need but not to worsen their condition by the way they treat the elders. Providers must be patient enough and smart enough to think that these elders don’t intend to complicate the situation but it’s simply a given fact that elders with these kinds of conditions aren’t aware of the things they do. Healthcare providers are in demand in this case due to the massive growth of older adults. Older generation are being outgrown by the new ones. And it’s now time to pay back to these elders what they’ve done. The code of practice and other published standards has created a great impact in the lives of those individuals with dementia and other common geriatric health conditions. This benefited most on the person centered approach. The impact created was directly received by the recipient, the elders with dementia and other geriatric conditions. The code of practice has impacted the elders in a way that despite their condition, they are still being protected. We are all aware that elders who possess these kinds of condition are primarily affected on their brain, specifically their memory. Without memory, they are all like physical humans who just wander and don’t know where their lives are leading. But because of the concern and initiative of others for these elders, they’ve set standards for them that while they’re losing their memory they’re not losing their humanity. This won’t give impact to the elders now but also to the next generations of growing elders. This has made a way for everyone to be aware that every human has their rights and that no one being left behind. The health sector standards have gained the cooperation of every healthcare provider in providing the right management to elders with dementia and other common geriatric conditions. Moreover, the code of practice has benefitted both the residents and the healthcare providers. To the residents, the code of standards has become their protection from any malpractices. While on the other hand, the code of standard is the guide of the health care providers to do things in the right way and to avoid committing any malpractice that will affect the condition of the elders. These health sector standards and code of standards and other published standards has benefited the person-centered approach because the standards’cncern are primarily for the purpose of the residents safety as well as the health care providers. This is the only approach that it’s only the resident and the health care providers that are involved. Unlike other approaches which does not directly involves the residents. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this paper has enumerated the different principles involved in the person centered approach that gives benefit to both the residents and the health care providers. This paper primarily focuses about the protection and rights of the elders with dementia and other geriatric conditions, how the different approaches work and the benefits it has for the elders. Aside from the primary focus of protecting and promoting the rights of these elders, the healthcare providers are at the same time being guided on how to do things right and possibly rule out malpractices to happen. One way or the other, both parties can benefit from the different approaches, range of techniques, the different public health promotions and attitudes to health and the demand for more health care. RECOMMENDATION This paper will increase the awareness of the principles of the person centered approach, non-person centered approach, range of techniques used to meet the needs of persons with dementia, the impacts of public health and attitudes to health and demand for healthcare to those individuals whose family members has been affected by these common geriatric conditions. However, it’s not enough to make the awareness limited to those individuals that are being affected by this phenomenon. It’s always best to make it known to the public because no one knows who’s going to be the next victim. As what they always say the â€Å"prevention is better than cure.† Being aware is a way of making a step of preventing things to affect you. Although we don’t always have the control over things, but at least, having the knowledge of these kinds of things will lighten up the load and will help managing easier. These information ill help anybody know how things work especially to elders with dementia and other geriatric health conditions. BIBLIOGRAPHY/ REFERENCES Halura, M. (2002). Dementia in New Zealand: Improving Quality in Residential Care. Retrieved from http://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/healthreportdementia.pdf

Essays --

Early life and military career[edit] Born in Tampa, Florida, Kittinger was educated at the Bolles School in Jacksonville, Florida, and the University of Florida. After racing speedboats as a teenager, he entered the U.S. Air Force in March 1949. On completion of aviation cadet training in March 1950, he received a USAF Pilot rating and a commission as a Second Lieutenant. He was subsequently assigned to the 86th Fighter-Bomber Wing based at Ramstein Air Base in West Germany, flying the F-84 Thunderjet and F-86 Sabre. In 1954 Kittinger was transferred to Holloman AFB, New Mexico, and the Air Force Missile Development Center (AFMDC). He flew the observation/chase plane that monitored flight surgeon Colonel John Stapp's rocket sled run of 632 mph (1,017 km/h) in 1955. Kittinger was impressed by Stapp's dedication and leadership as a pioneer in aerospace medicine. Stapp, in turn, was impressed with Kittinger's skillful jet piloting, later recommending him for space-related aviation research work. Stapp was to foster the high-altitude balloon tests that would later lead to Kittinger's record-setting leap from over 102,800 feet (31,300 m). In 1957, as part of Project Manhigh, Kittinger set an interim balloon altitude record of 96,760 feet (29,490 m) in Manhigh I, for which he was awarded his first Distinguished Flying Cross. Project Excelsior[edit] Kittinger next to the Excelsior gondola Main article: Project Excelsior Captain Kittinger was next assigned to the Aerospace Medical Research Laboratories at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. For Project Excelsior (meaning "ever upward"), a name given to the project by Colonel Stapp as part of research into high altitude bailouts,[2][3] he made a series of three extreme altitude parac... ...4-mph wind blowing on you. I could only hear myself breathing in the helmet."[12] Kittinger set historical numbers for highest balloon ascent, highest parachute jump, longest drogue-fall (four minutes), and fastest speed by a human being through the atmosphere.[13] These were the USAF records, but were not submitted for aerospace world records to the Fà ©dà ©ration Aà ©ronautique Internationale (FAI).[14] Kittinger's records for the highest ascent, highest parachute jump, and fastest velocity stood for 52 years, until they were broken in 2012 by Felix Baumgartner. For this series of jumps, Kittinger was decorated with a second Distinguished Flying Cross, and he was awarded the Harmon Trophy by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.[15] The Stargazer gondola on display at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB in Dayton, Ohio. Project Stargazer[edit]

Computerised accounting system. :: Computer Science

Computerised accounting system. Please Specify which product you need when ordering. Sage Line 50 training software is available both with and with out a comprehensive assessment system.. The sage line 50 product contains Basic and Advanced tasks for operation of the Sage accounting software. Sage Line 50 uses a powerful "show and tell, then have a go" style training. This makes it easy for users to understand new concepts and provides then with a chance to "have a go in a safe training environment". Use of multimedia simulation aids retention of learning and ease of use. Learn To Use Sage is ideal for both novice and experienced users. The software provides a great foundation in basic tasks, Intermediate and Advanced tasks are also taught. Many advanced users keep the software by their PC, its great reference, have a problem? simply pop the disk in, run the topic that covers your need, its that simple. Learn To Use Sage Task List Basic: * Add a new customer * Open an existing customer record * Add a new supplier * Open an existing supplier record * Add a new nominal account * Open a blank record * Add a new product code and save * Open a product record * Add a sales invoice * Add a credit note * Enter purchase invoice / Credit note * Allocate customer receipts * Allocate supplier payments * Add a nominal payment / receipt * Preview / Print aged debtors report * Enter sales invoices * Enter sales credit notes Advanced: * Transfer funds * Add a nominal journal * Create a skeleton journal * Blank reconciliation * Display VAT return * Analyse VAT totals * Print VAT return * Add a fixed asset * Posting depreciation * Add a prepayment * Posting prepayments and accruals * Write off, Refund, Return * Set access rights * Contra entries * Add receding entry * Correcting errors * Check and print Computerised Accounting System ============================== How does a computer works? Data Input Process Data Output Type of data processing: 1. Batch processing Transaction data are accumulated until a large volume can be processed at one time. Eg. Payroll, customer account and general ledger 2. On - line processing Processing transaction as they occur so that a user can obtain current information at any time. Eg. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories. Manual vs. Computerised systems =============================== Manual accounting systems consists of source of documents, journals, ledgers and reports. In a computerised accounting system basically the same source of documents can be used but must be converted into a machine - readable format to be accepted as an input to the computer. Eg. Computerised receivables system Input : accounts receivable master file at the beginning of the period and the aacounts receivables transactions files required to update the beginning balances. Computerised accounting system. :: Computer Science Computerised accounting system. Please Specify which product you need when ordering. Sage Line 50 training software is available both with and with out a comprehensive assessment system.. The sage line 50 product contains Basic and Advanced tasks for operation of the Sage accounting software. Sage Line 50 uses a powerful "show and tell, then have a go" style training. This makes it easy for users to understand new concepts and provides then with a chance to "have a go in a safe training environment". Use of multimedia simulation aids retention of learning and ease of use. Learn To Use Sage is ideal for both novice and experienced users. The software provides a great foundation in basic tasks, Intermediate and Advanced tasks are also taught. Many advanced users keep the software by their PC, its great reference, have a problem? simply pop the disk in, run the topic that covers your need, its that simple. Learn To Use Sage Task List Basic: * Add a new customer * Open an existing customer record * Add a new supplier * Open an existing supplier record * Add a new nominal account * Open a blank record * Add a new product code and save * Open a product record * Add a sales invoice * Add a credit note * Enter purchase invoice / Credit note * Allocate customer receipts * Allocate supplier payments * Add a nominal payment / receipt * Preview / Print aged debtors report * Enter sales invoices * Enter sales credit notes Advanced: * Transfer funds * Add a nominal journal * Create a skeleton journal * Blank reconciliation * Display VAT return * Analyse VAT totals * Print VAT return * Add a fixed asset * Posting depreciation * Add a prepayment * Posting prepayments and accruals * Write off, Refund, Return * Set access rights * Contra entries * Add receding entry * Correcting errors * Check and print Computerised Accounting System ============================== How does a computer works? Data Input Process Data Output Type of data processing: 1. Batch processing Transaction data are accumulated until a large volume can be processed at one time. Eg. Payroll, customer account and general ledger 2. On - line processing Processing transaction as they occur so that a user can obtain current information at any time. Eg. Accounts receivable, accounts payable and inventories. Manual vs. Computerised systems =============================== Manual accounting systems consists of source of documents, journals, ledgers and reports. In a computerised accounting system basically the same source of documents can be used but must be converted into a machine - readable format to be accepted as an input to the computer. Eg. Computerised receivables system Input : accounts receivable master file at the beginning of the period and the aacounts receivables transactions files required to update the beginning balances.

John.F Kennedy Choose to Go to the Moon

John F. Kennedy We choose to go to the moon Context: My speech was spoken by President Kennedy. The context of the speech was that it was made on a hot summer during 1962, outside in the football stadium of Rice University in Houston. President Kennedy made his speech on ‘we choose to go to the moon’. He did not only spoke to the citizens of United States, but to the whole world. He spokes about making small steps to the moon. Purpose: Throughout the speech, Kennedy was to persuade the audience to agree on the decision of going up to the moon.He was trying to convince the audience that the good deal of money will result a country’s pride. He also wanted to show the whole world that America was ready to take on the dream of going up to the moon, and they will be the first country to achieve this dream. Structure/Language: The speech begins with President Kennedy standing behind a platform with crowd around him. He thanked a list of people and the principle of Rice University to show respect.Then, he admitted the fast going scientific manpower by comparing with the rate of population growth. While he gives examples such as ‘Only five years ago man learned to write and use a cart with wheels’ to the audiences of how the world is changing, he connected to the main point of ‘America’s new spacecraft succeeds in reaching Venus, we will have literally reached the stars before midnight tonight. ’ This sentence was to give the audience of hope and pride to a big change of their nation.By appealing to public opinion he was further building a base for America’s journey to the Moon. He spoke about the huge costs that will be used on the space effort, but he made a joke about money used on cigars compared to the costs of going up on to the moon. Throughout the speech, he used lots of metonymy. He talked about how America started industrial revolution and first wave of nuclear power, and then successfully explained by appealing to the pride of Americans how they will again catch the first wave of going up to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard†¦ † â€Å"Yes, we choose to do these things because they are hard and because they will measure as and the will which is ours. † By posing the question â€Å"are we willing to? † he told the whole America, in fact the whole world that America was ready and will be the first country to go up the moon. Video: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=ouRbkBAOGEw Script: http://www. historyplace. com/speeches/jfk-space. htm